静态路由一、静态路由1、回顾
静态路由 由管理员手动配置,并且是单向的缺乏灵活性默认路由(缺省路由) 一种特殊的静态路由当路由器在路由表中找不到目标网络的路由条 目时,路由器把请求转发到默认路由接口默认路由一般应用于末节网络2、静态路由配置
在路由器上添加路由条目语法:
代码语言:javascript复制Router(config)# ip route network mask {address | interface}
#network:目标网段 mask:目标网段的子网掩码 address:下一跳地址(下一个路由器的接口的IP地址) interface:发往下一跳路由器的本地接口举例:
代码语言:javascript复制Router(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.7.2
Router(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 f0/13、默认路由配置
在路由器上添加路由条目语法:
代码语言:javascript复制Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {address | interface}
#0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 代表任意网络举例:
代码语言:javascript复制Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.7.2
Router(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 f0/14、查看路由条目
命令:
代码语言:javascript复制Router# show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.10.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L 10.10.10.10/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 172.16.20.0/24 [1/0] via 10.10.10.100
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.254/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
#(C代表直连路由,S代表静态路由)5、路由器上配置DHCP
命令:
代码语言:javascript复制Router(config)#ip dhcp pool woniu
#定义地址池
Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 #定义客户端网段
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.254 #定义客户端网关
Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 114.114.114.114 #定义客户端获取的DNS
Router(dhcp-config)#exit
Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1-192.168.1.10 #定义排除地址二、实验案例1、静态路由配置案例
实验拓扑
10001 (10)实验要求
配置 PC0 与 PC1 进行通信实验步骤
根据图上标示,配置 PC 的 IP 地址及网关, 配置路由器接口地址在路由器0上添加静态路由条目在路由器1上添加静态路由条目实验脚本
image-20240404165500945代码语言:javascript复制//Router0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.100
//Router1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.10.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.10 2、默认路由配置案例
实验拓扑
10002 (8)实验要求
根据图上标示,配置 PC 的 IP 地址及网关, 配置路由器接口地址在路由器0上添加默认路由条目在路由器1上添加默认路由条目实验脚本
image-20240404170044547代码语言:javascript复制//Router0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1/0
ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1/1
ip address 20.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 20.10.10.100
//Router1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.10.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 20.10.10.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 FastEthernet0/1 3、路由交换综合配置案例
实验拓扑
实验要求
根据图上标示,配置 PC 和交换机的 IP 地址 及网关,配置路由器接口地址在路由器0上添加静态路由在路由器1上添加默认路由在交换机0上配置telnet,使 PC2 可以 telnet 管理交换机0在路由器1上配置 SSH,使 PC0 和 PC1 可以 管理路由器1在路由器0上配置DHCP,使PC0和PC1可以 自动获取IP地址及网关及DNS实验脚本
image-20240404170811506代码语言:javascript复制//Switch0
interface Vlan1
ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254
!
line vty 0 4
login local
transport input telnet
//Router0
ip dhcp pool 1
network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
default-router 192.168.1.254
dns-server 192.168.1.254
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 172.16.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.100
//Router1
hostname R1
!
enable secret 5 $1$mERr$/Q/mbs3O9oHsKR7rNG4e81
!
username pc0 secret 5 $1$mERr$/Q/mbs3O9oHsKR7rNG4e81
username pc1 secret 5 $1$mERr$H7PDxl7VYMqaD3id4jJVK/
!
ip domain-name pc0andpc1
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.20.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.10.10.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.10
!
line vty 0 4
login local
transport input sshimage-20240404171457303image-20240404171632091image-20240404171727506课后作业:10004 (5)配置静态路由,指定线路进行配 置自行规划 IP 地址,需要注意的是路由器连接 的是不同网段PC0到PC1走路由器1→路由器0→路由器2PC0到PC2走路由器1→路由器2PC1和PC2到PC0走路由器2→路由器0→路由 器1在路由器1上配置默认路由配置脚本
image-20240404171951630代码语言:javascript复制//Router1
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.10.20.10 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.100
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.20.100
//Router0
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 10.10.20.100 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 10.10.30.10 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.20.10
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.30.100
!
//Router2
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1/0
ip address 10.10.10.100 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet1/1
ip address 10.10.30.100 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.30.10